1	DLS English Series Fundamentals Of English Grammar By DLanguage STUDIO Langkawi www.dlanguagestudio.com
2	Fundamentals of English (pg1) Asas English (Bahasa Inggeris) 1.1 Basic Structure of a sentence : When we speak or write, each sentence should be based on the following structure Eg : I study in Langkawi SUBJECT must always match with the VERB (ie Singular Subject with Singular Verb or Plural Subject with Plural Verb) VERB must always match with Time, which determines PRESENT, PAST or FUTURE 1.2 What is SUBJECT ? Subject is either a Noun or Pronoun Subject Noun - Singular Alex, My brother, Mr John Subject Pronoun - Singular He, She, It Subject Pronoun - Plural They, You, We, I
3	Fundamentals of English (pg2) Asas English (Bahasa Inggeris) 1.3 What is Object ? Object consists of nouns, object pronouns (eg him), verb infinitives, adjectives, adverbs, time etc.. It is not always important to determine Singular or Plural noun in Object area, except for sentences using There is, There are etc.. 1.4 What is VERB ? There are 3 types of Verbs in English, ie Simple Verb, Continuous Verb and Perfect Verb Among the 3 verbs, only Simple verb has a Past Tense form, eg take – took, see – saw The diagram below shows how each type of verb must be arranged
4	Construct a Sentence Present Actions
5	Construct a Question Present Actions
6	Construct a Sentence Past Actions
7	Construct a Question Past Actions
8	Construct a Sentence Future Actions
9	Construct a Question Future Actions
10	About Subject Subject is a noun which starts a sentence. A noun becomes a subject when we have to determine whether it is singular or plural Subject adalah katanama yang memulakan ayat. Katanama menjadi subject apabila kita perlu mengetahui samada ia singular atau plural Singularity and Plurality are shown below : Singular Plural office : pejabat offices : pejabat-pejabat room : bilik rooms : bilik-bilik friend : kawan friends : kawan-kawan guest : tetamu guests : tetamu-tetamu
11	About Articles The, This, That, These, Those The position of articles in Bahasa Malaysia is opposite to English Kedudukan artikel di dalam B. Malaysia dan English adalah bertentangan Usually, ‘the’ in the last noun is naturally used Biasanya, ‘the’ digunakan pada noun yang terakhir sekiranya tiada artikel lain yang digunakan Singular Noun Plural Noun the office pejabat itu the offices pejabat-pejabat itu the room bilik itu the rooms bilik-bilik itu this guest tetamu ini these guests tetamu-tetamu ini that guest tetamu itu those guests tetamu-tetamu itu
12	Adverbs of Quantity Penjodoh Bilangan The position of adverbs of quantity in Bahasa Malaysia is similar to English Kedudukan kuantiti di dalam B.Malaysian adalah sama dengan English Singular Noun Plural Noun a guest seorang tetamu many guests ramai tetamu one guest satu tetamu a few guests beberapa tetamu a litte sugar sedikit gula a lot of people ramai orang a satu or se_____ many banyak (for non-human) a child seorang budak many ramai (for human) a little sedikit a lot of banyak/ramai a car sebuah kereta plenty banyak/ramai a bottle of sebotol several beberapa an egg sebiji telur a pencil sebatang pensil a knife sebilah pisau a packet sepaket a cup of coffee secawan kopi
13	Personal Pronoun Gantinama diri Personal Pronouns (subject) Personal Pronouns (object) I Saya me saya You Awak you awak He Dia him dia / nya She Dia her dia / nya We Kita / kami us kita / kami They Mereka them mereka It Ia it ia / nya
14	Possessive Pronouns Gantinama kepunyaan Singular Possession Plural Possession my car kereta saya my cars kereta-kereta saya your house rumah awak your houses rumah-rumah awak his house rumahnya / dia his houses rumah-rumahnya / dia her house rumahnya / dia her houses rumah-rumahnya / dia our house rumah kita our houses rumah-rumah kita their house rumah mereka their houses rumah-rumah mereka its kitten anaknya its kittens anak-anaknya
15	Preposition Kata arah at di at pada (used to indicate time) on di atas to ke in di dalam with dengan under di bawah near dekat beside di sebelah nearby dekat dengan here di sini from dari there di sana far jauh and dan
16	Days of the week Days of the week Monday Hari Isnin Tuesday Hari Selasa Wednesday Hari Rabu Thursday Hari Khamis Friday Hari Jumaat Saturday Hari Sabtu Sunday Hari Ahad
17	Month of the Year January Januari February Februari March Mac April April May Mei June Jun July Julai August Ogos September September October Oktober November November December Disember
18	Present & Past Sekarang dan Selepas Present Time Past Time _____ Now sekarang Just now tadi Everyday setiap hari / hari-hari Yesterday semalam Always selalu This morning pagi tadi Usually biasanya Last Night malam tadi Sometimes kadang-kadang Last week minggu lepas Seldom jarang-jarang This afternoon tengahari tadi Once in a while sesekali Last time dulu Often kerap/selalu Last month bulan lepas
19	Future Belum berlaku / Akan datang Future Time Tomorrow esok Next week minggu hadapan Next month bulan hadapan Next time lain kali Later sebentar lagi
20	Interrogatives Kata tanya What? Apa? What car? Kereta apa? Where? Di mana? Which car? Kereta mana? Why? Kenapa? Whose car? Kereta siapa? When? Bila? How many? Berapa? Who? Siapa? How much? Berapa? How? Bagaimana? How many cars? Berapa buah kereta?
21	How to indicate ‘The Hours’ Cara mengguna Masa What time is it now? Sekarang pukul berapa? / Sekarang sudah pukul berapa? It is 1 o’clock (pm) Pukul satu tengahari It is 7.30 in the morning Pukul tujuh tiga puluh minit pagi / Pukul tujuh setengah pagi It is 3.10 in the afternoon Pukul tiga sepuluh minit petang (considered evening) It is 8.12 in the evening Pukul lapan dua belas minit malam ( considered night) It is 8.15 in the evening Pukul lapan lima belas minit malam / Pukul lapan suku malam
22	Conjunction Kata hubung Beginning or middle of a sentence usually middle of sentence and dan whereas di mana and then selepas itu which yang when semasa who yang while semasa that yang mean while sementara itu even though walaupun but tetapi / tapi before sebelum after selepas before that sebelum itu after that selepas itu if sekiranya / kalau how bagaimana what apa yang where dimana when bila (indicating time) when apabila (not indicating time)
23	End Stage 1 Syllabus Thank You Also available : DLS Malay Syllabus